![]() Write up your lab report with this unique application. www.labwriteup.com |
|||
|
Adeyemo, S. (1994) ‘Individual differences in thinking and problem solving', Personality and Individual Differences, 17(1), 117-24. Aleksander, I. and Burnett, P. (1987) Thinking Machines: The Search for Artificial Intelligence. New York : Alfred A. Knopf. Allard, F. and Starkes, J. L. (1991) ‘Motor-skill experts in sports, dance, and other domains', in K. A. Ericsson and J. Smith (eds), Toward a General Theory of Expertise. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, pp. 126-52. Allport, D. A., Antonis, B. and Reynolds, P. (1972) ‘On the division of attention: a disproof of the single channel hypothesis', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 24, 225-35. Anderson, J. R. (1987) ‘Skill acquisition: compilation of weak-method problem situations', Psychological Review, 94(2), 192-210. Anderson , J. R. (1993) Rules of the Mind. Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum. Anderson , J. R., Corbett, A. T., Koedinger, K. and Pelletier, R. (1995) ‘Cognitive tutors: lessons learned', Journal of Learning Sciences, 4, 167-207. Annis, R. C. and Frost, B. J. (1973) ‘Human visual ecology and orientation anisotropies in acuity', Science, 182, 729-31. Arterberry, M. E., Yonas, A. and Bensen, A. (1989) ‘Self-produced locomotion and the development of responsiveness to linear perspective and texture gradients', Developmental Psychology, 25, 976-82. Atkinson, R. C. and Shiffrin, R. M. (1968) ‘Human memory: a proposed system and its control processes', in K. W. Spence and J. T. Spence (eds), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Vol. II. Oxford : Academic Press. Baddeley, A. D. (1966) ‘Short-term memory for word sequences as a function of acoustic, semantic and formal similarity', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(4), 362-5. Baddeley, A. D. (1986) Working Memory. New York : Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press. Baddeley, A. D. (1992) ‘Working memory: the interface between memory and cognition', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4(3), 281-8. Baddeley, A. D. and Hitch, G. J. (1974) ‘Working memory', in G. H. Bower (ed.), The Psychology of Motivation and Learning, Vol. 8. New York : Academic Press. Baddeley, A. D. and Hitch, G. J. (2000) ‘Development of working memory: should the Pascual-Leone and the Baddeley and Hitch models be merged?', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77(2), 128-37. Baddeley, A. D., Lewis, V. and Nimmo-Smith, I. (1978) ‘When did you last...?', in M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris and R. N. Sykes (eds), Practical Aspects of Memory. New York : Academic Press. Baddeley, A. D., Lewis, V. and Vallar, G. (1984) ‘Exploring the articulatory loop', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 36A(2), 233-52. Baddeley, A. D., Thomson, N. and Buchanan, M. (1975) ‘Word length and the structure of short-term memory', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14(6), 575-89. Baeyens, F., Eelen, P. and Van den Bergh, O. (1990) ‘Contingency awareness in evaluative conditioning: a case for unaware affective-evaluative learning', Cognition and Emotion, 4, 31-8. 1 43 Baker, A. G. and Mackintosh, N. J. (1977) ‘Excitatory and inhibitory conditioning following uncorrelated presentations of CS and UCS', Animal Learning and Behavior, 5, 135-319. Ball, W. and Tronick, F. (1971) ‘Infant responses to impending collision: optical and real', Science, 171, 818-20. Baluch, B. and Besner, D. (1991) ‘Visual word recognition: evidence for strategic control of lexical and nonlexical routines in oral reading', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 644-52. Barker, M. (2003) History and Perspectives in Psychology. Exeter : Learning Matters. Bartlett, J. C. and Santrock, J. W. (1979) ‘Affect-dependent episodic memory in young children', Child Development, 50(2), 513-18. Bell , B. E and Loftus, E. F. (1989) ‘Trivial persuasion in the courtroom: the power of (a few) minor details', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 669-79. Bernstein, B. (1961) ‘Aspects of language and learning in the genesis of the social process', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, 313-24. Bierwisch, M. (1975) ‘Psycholinguistics: independent cognitive processes and linguistic structures', Zeitschrift fu¨r Psychologie, 183(1), 1-52. Bishop, D. V. M. (1990) Handedness and Developmental Disorders, Clinics in Developmental Medicine 110. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific and Philadelphia : J. B. Lippinscott. Bjork, R. A. and Whitten, W. B. (1974) ‘Recency-sensitive retrieval processes in long-term free recall', Cognitive Psychology, 6(2), 173-89. Blakemore, C. and Cooper, G. P. (1970) ‘Development of the brain depends on the visual environment', Nature, 228, 477. Boas, F. (1911) Handbook of American Indian Languages (Bur. of Amer. Ethnol., Bull. 40, Part I.) Washington , DC : Gov. Print. Office. Bower, G. H. (1981) ‘Mood and memory', American Psychologist, 36(2), 129-48. Bower, G. H. (1987) ‘Commentary on mood and memory', Behavior Research Therapy, 25, 443-55. Bower, T. G., Broughton, J. M. and Moore, M. K. (1970) ‘The coordination of visual and tactual input in infants', Perception and Psychophysics, 8(1), 51-3. Bower, G. H., Gilligan, S. G. and Monteiro, K. P. (1981) ‘Selective learning caused by affective states', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 451-73. Bradshaw, J. L.. and Nettleton, N. C. (1974) ‘Articulatory inference and the MOWNDOWN heterophone effect', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 88-94. Brainerd, C. J. and Reyna, V. F. (1998) ‘Fuzzy-trace theory and children's false memories', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 71, 81-129. Bransford, J. D., Johnson, M. K. (1972) ‘Contextual prerequisites for understanding: some investigations of comprehension and recall', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 717-26. Brewer, W. F. (1977) ‘Memory for the pragmatic implications of sentences', Memory and Cognition, 5, 673-8. Broadbent, D. E. (1958) Perception and Communication. New York : Pergamon. Broadbent, D. E. and Broadbent, M. H. P. (1987) ‘From detection to identification: response to multiple targets in rapid serial visual presentation', Perception and Psychophysics, 42(2), 105-13. Brown, R. (1973) ‘Development of the first language in the human species', American Psychologist, 28(2), 97-106. Brown, R. and Kulik, J. (1977) ‘Flashbulb memories', Cognition, 5(1), 73-99. Brown, R., Cazden, C. and Bellugi, U. (1969) ‘The child's grammar from I to III', in J. P. Hill (ed.), Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, Vol. 2. Minneapolis , MI : University of Minnesota Press. Bruce, V. and Valentine, T. (1985) ‘Identity priming in the recognition of familiar faces', British Journal of Psychology, 76, 373-83. Bruce, V. and Young, A. (1986) ‘Understanding face recognition', British Journal of Psychology, 77, 305-27. Bruner, J. S. (1964) ‘The course of cognitive growth', American Psychologist, 19, 1-15. Bruner, J. S. and Minturn, A. L. (1955) ‘Perceptual identification and perceptual organization', Journal of General Psychology, 53, 21-8. Bruyer, R., Laterre, C. and Seron, X. (1983) ‘A case of prosopagnosia with some preserved covert remembrance of familiar faces', Brain and Cognition, 2, 257-84. Burgess, N. and Hitch, G. J. (1992) ‘Toward a network model of the articulatory loop', Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 429-60. Bushnell, I. W. (1979) ‘Modification of the externality effect in young infants', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 28, 211-29. Byrne, B. and Fielding-Barnsley, R. (1991) ‘Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children', Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 451-5. Campos , J. J., Langer, A. and Krowitz, A. (1970) ‘Cardiac responses on the visual cliff in prelocomotor human infants', Science, 170, 196-7. Carpenter, P. A., Miyake, A. and Just, M. A. (1994) ‘Working memory constraints in comprehension: evidence from individual differences, aphasia, and ageing', in M. Gernsbacher (ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics. San Diego , CA : Academic Press, pp. 1075-122. Carpenter, P. A., Miyake, A. and Just, M. A. (1995) ‘Language comprehension: sentence and discourse processing', Annual Review of Psychology, 46U, 91-120. Chase, W. G. and Simon, H. A. (1973) ‘The mind's eye in chess', in W. G. Chase (ed.), Visual Information Processing. New York : Academic Press. Cherry, E. C. (1953) ‘Some experiments on the recognition of speech with one and two ears', Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25, 975-9. Cheyne, J. A., Goyeche, J. R. and Walters, R. H. (1969) ‘Attention, anxiety, and rules in resistance-to-deviation in children', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 8(1), 127-39. Chi, M. T. H., Feltovich, P. J. and Glaser, R. (1981) ‘Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices', Cognitive Science, 5, 121-52. Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge , MA : MIT Press. Churchland, P. S. and Churchland, P. M. (1990) ‘Could a machine think? Recent arguments and new prospects', Scientific American, 262, 32-7. Cleeremans, A. and McClelland, J. L. (1991) ‘Learning the structure of event sequences', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120(3), 235-53. Cohen, B. H. (1964) ‘Role of awareness in meaning established by classical conditioning', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67(4), 373-8. Colle, H. A. and Welsh, A. (1976) ‘Acoustic masking in primary memory', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 15(1), 17-31. Collins, A. M. and Loftus, E. F. A. (1975) ‘Spreading-activation theory of semantic processing', Psychological Review, 82(6), 407-28. Coltheart, M. and Rastle, K. (1994) ‘Serial processing in reading aloud: evidence for dual-route models of reading', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 1197-211. Conrad, R. (1964) ‘Acoustic confusions in immediate memory', British Journal of Psychology, 55(1), 75-84. Corteen, R. S. and Wood, B. (1972) ‘Autonomic responses to shock associated words in an unattended channel', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94, 308-13. Cowan, N. (1993) ‘Activation, attention, and short-term memory', Memory and Cognition, 21(2), 162-7. Crick, F. and Mitchison, G. (1983) ‘The function of dream sleep', Nature, 304(5922), 111-14. Crowder, R. G. and Wagner, R. K. (1992) The Psychology of Reading: An Introduction, 2nd edn. London : Oxford University Press. Damasio, A. R (1994) Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain. New York : Grosset/Putnam Books. Daneman, M. and Green, I. (1986) ‘Individual differences in comprehending and producing words in context', Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 1-18. Davey, G. C. (1992) ‘Classical conditioning and the acquisition of human fears and phobias: a review and synthesis of the literature', Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14(1), 29-66. De Houwer, J., Baeyens, F. and Eelen, P. (1994) ‘Verbal evaluative conditioning with undetected US presentations', Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(6), 629-33. De Houwer, J., Hendrickx, H. and Baeyens, F. (1997) ‘Evaluative learning with ‘‘subliminally'' presented stimuli', Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 87-107. De Valois, R. L., Abramov, I. and Jacobs, G. H. (1966) ‘Analysis of response patterns of LGN cells', Journal of the Optical Society of America, 56, 966-77. de Villiers, J. G. and de Villiers, P. A. (1973) ‘A cross-sectional study of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in child speech', Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2(3), 267-78. Deutsch, J. A. and Deutsch, D. (1963) ‘Attention: some theoretical considerations', Psychological Review, 70, 80-90. Dodson, C. and Reisberg, D. (1991) ‘Indirect testing of eyewitness memory: the (non)effect of misinformation', Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29(4), 333-6. Doleys, D. M. (1977) ‘Behavior treatments for nocturnal enuresis in children: a review of the recent literature', Psychological Bulletin, 84(1), 30-54. Dreyfus, H. L. (1972) What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason. New York : Harper & Row. Dunbar , G. L. (2000) ‘Traces of reasoning with pragmatic schemas', Thinking and Reasoning, 6(2), 173-81. Duncker, K. (1945) ‘On problem-solving', Psychological Monographs, 58, 113. Eden, G., VanMeter, J., Rumsey, J., Maisog, J., Woods, R. and Zeffiro, T. (1996) ‘Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging', Nature, 382, 66-9. Edwards, J. R. (1979) ‘Social class differences and the identification of sex in children's speech', Journal of Child Language, 6(1), 121-7. Eich, J. E., Weingartner, H., Stillman, R. C. and Gillin, C. (1975) ‘State-dependent accessibility of retrieval cues in the retention of a categorized list', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14(4), 408-17. Ellis, R. and Humphreys, G. (1999) Connectionist Psychology. Hove: Psychology Press. Estes, W. K. (1972) ‘An associative basis for coding and organization in memory', in A.W. Melton and E. Martin (eds), Coding Processes in Human Memory. Washington , DC : V. H. Winston & Sons. Farb, P. (1974) Word Play: What Happens When People Talk. Oxford : Alfred A. Knopf. Field, A. P. (2000a) ‘I like it, but I'm not sure why: can evaluative conditioning occur without conscious awareness?', Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 13-36. Field, A. P. (2000b) ‘Evaluative conditioning is Pavlovian conditioning: issues of definition, measurement, and the theoretical importance of contingency awareness', Consciousness and Cognition, 9, 41-9. Fischer, B. and Boch, R. (1983) ‘Saccadic eye movements after extremely short reaction times in the monkey', Brain Research, 260, 21-6. Fischer, B. and Ramsperger, E. (1984) ‘Human express saccades: extremely short reaction times of goal directed eye movements', Experimental Brain Research, 57, 191-5. Fox, D. K., Hopkins , B. L. and Anger, W. K. (1987) ‘The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open-pit mining', Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20(3), 215-24. French, C. C. and Richards, A. R. (1993) ‘Clock this! An everyday example of schemadriven error in memory', British Journal of Psychology, 84, 249-53. Freyd, J. J. and Gleaves, D. H. (1996) ‘‘‘Remembering'' words not presented in lists: relevance to the current recovered/false memory controversy', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 22, 811-13. Friedman, W. J. (1993) ‘Memory for the time of past events', Psychological Bulletin, 113(1), 44-66. Friedman, W. J. and Wilkins, A. J. (1985) ‘Scale effects in memory for the time of events', Memory and Cognition, 13(2), 168-75. Fulcher, E. P. (2002) ‘Neurons with attitude: a connectionist account of evaluative learning', in S. Moore and M. Oaksford (eds), Emotional Cognition. Amsterdam : John Benjamins. Fulcher, E. P. and Cocks, R. P. (1997) ‘Dissociative storage systems in human evaluative conditioning', Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 1-10. Fulcher, E. P. and Hammerl, M. (2001) ‘When all is revealed: a dissociation between evaluative learning and contingency awareness', Consciousness and Cognition, 10, 524-49. Fulcher, E. P., Mathews, A., Mackintosh, B. and Law, S. (2001) ‘Evaluative learning and the allocation of attention in anxiety', Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 261-80. Gardner, R. and Gardner. B. (1969) ‘Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee', Science, 165, 664-72. Gibson, E. J. and Walk, R. D. (1960) ‘The ‘‘visual cliff'' ', Scientific American, 202(4), 64-71. Gibson, J. J. (1979) The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston , MA : Houghton Mifflin. Gibson, J. J. (1986) The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Gilchrist, J. C. and Nesberg, L. S. (1952) ‘Need and perceptual change in need-related objects', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44, 369-76. Giles, H. (1973) ‘Communicative effectiveness as a function of accented speech', Speech Monographs, 40(4), 330-1. Glanzer, M. and Cunitz, A. R. (1966) ‘Two storage mechanisms in free recall', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5(4), 351-60. Gleason, J. B. and Ratner, N. B. (1993) Psycholinguistics. Fort Worth , TX : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Godden, D. R. and Baddeley, A. D. (1975) ‘Context-dependent memory in two natural environments: on land and underwater', British Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 325-31. Goodwin, D. W., Powell, B., Bremer, D., Hoine, H. and Stern, J. (1969) ‘Alcohol and recall: state dependent effects in man', Science, 163(3873), 1358-60. Gorn, G. J. (1982) ‘The effects of music in advertising on choice behavior: a classical conditioning approach', Journal of Marketing, 46(1), 94-101. Gray, J. A. and Wedderburn, A. A. I. (1960) ‘Grouping strategies with simultaneous stimuli', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 180-4. Greene, J. (1975) Thinking and Language. London : Methuen . Greeno, J. G. (1974) ‘Hobbits and orcs: acquisition of a sequential concept', Cognitive Psychology, 6(2), 270-92. Greeno, J. (1991) ‘A view of mathematical problem solving in school', in M. U. Smith (ed.), Toward a Unified Theory of Problem Solving. Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 69-98. Gregor, A. J. and McPherson, A. (1965) ‘A study of susceptibility to geometric illusion among cultural subgroups of Australian Aborigines', Psychologia Africana, 11, 1-13. Gregory, R. L. (1963) ‘Distortion of visual space as inappropriate constancy scaling', Nature, 199, 678-80. Gregory, R. L. and Wallace, J. (1963) ‘Recovery from early blindness: a case study', reprinted in R. L. Gregory (1974), Concepts and Mechanisms of Perception. London : Duckworth Books. Grice, H. P. (1975) ‘Logic and conversation', in P. Cole and J. Morgan (eds), Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3. New York : Academic Press. Grossberg, S. and Levine, D. S. (1987) ‘Neural dynamics of attentionally modulated Pavlovian conditioning: blocking, interstimulus interval, and secondary reinforcement', Applied Optics, 26(23), 5015-30. Guilford , J. P. (1959) ‘Three faces of intellect', American Psychologist, 14, 469-79. Haig, N. D. (1984) The effect of feature displacement on face recognition', Perception, 13, 505-12. Hall, R. V., Lund , D. and Jackson , D. (1968) ‘Effects of teacher attention on study behavior', Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 1-12. Hall, R. V., Panyan, M., Rabon, D. and Broden, M. (1968) ‘Instructing beginning teachers in reinforcement procedures which improve classroom control', Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(4), 315-22. Hammerl, M. and Grabitz, H. (1996) ‘Human evaluative conditioning without experiencing a valued event', Learning and Motivation, 27, 278-93. Harley, T. A. (1995) The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory. Hove: Psychology Press. Hasher, L. and Zacks, R. T. (1979) ‘Automatic and effortful processes in memory', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108(3), 356-88. Haugen, E. (1966) ‘Dialect, language, nation', American Psychologist, 68, 922-35. Hearst, E. Y. and Franklin, S. R. (1977) ‘Positive and negative relations between a signal and food: approach-withdrawal behavior to the signal', Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 3, 37-52. Hebb, D. O. (1949) The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. New York : John Wiley & Sons. Hebb, D. O. (1961) ‘Distinctive features of learning in the higher animal', in J. F. Delafresnaye (ed.), Brain Mechanisms and Learning. Oxford : Oxford University Press, pp. 37-46. Hess, E. H. (1956) ‘Space perception in the chick', Scientific American, 195, 71-80. Hinton, G. E. and Sejnowski, T. J. (1986) ‘Learning and relearning in Boltzmann machines', in D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland (eds), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, Vol. I. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books. Hinton, G. E. and Shallice, T. (1990) ‘Lesioning an attractor network: investigations of acquired dyslexia', Psychological Review, 98, 74-95. Hirst, W., Spelke, E. S., Reaves, C. C., Caharack, G. and Neisser, U. (1980) ‘Dividing attention without alternation or automaticity', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 98-117. Hocket, C. F. (1966) The Origin of Speech, Human Communication: Language and Its Psychobiological Base. San Francisco : Freeman. Holender, D. (1986) ‘Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking', Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 9, 1-66. Hopfield, J. (1982) ‘Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 9(2554). Hubel, D. H. and Wiesel, T. N. (1968) ‘Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex', Journal of Physiology ( London ), 195, 215-43. Huitema, J. S., Dopkins, S., Klin, C. M. and Myers, J. L. (1993) ‘Connecting goals and actions during reading', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 19, 1053-60. Hull , C. L. (1932) ‘The goal-gradient hypothesis and maze learning', Psychological Review, 39, 25-43. Hull , C. L. (1943) Principles of Behavior: An Introduction to Behavior Theory. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. Humphrey, G. (1951) Thinking: An Introduction to Its Experimental Psychology. Oxford : Wiley. Jacoby, L. L. (1991) ‘A process dissociation framework: separating automatic from intentional uses of memory', Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513-41. James, W. (1890) The Principles of Psychology. Oxford : Holt. Johnson, M. K., Foley, M. A. and Leach, K (1988) ‘The consequences for memory of imagining in another person's voice', Memory and Cognition, 16(4), 337-42. Johnsrude, I. S., Owen, A. M., Zhao, W. V. and White, N. M. (1999) ‘Conditioned preference in humans: a novel experimental approach', Learning and Motivation, 30 (3), 250-64. Johnstone, W. A. and Heinz, S. P. (1978) ‘Flexibility and capacity demands on attention', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 107, 420-35. Johnstone, W. A. and Wilson , J. (1980) ‘Perceptual processing of non-targets in an attention task', Memory and Cognition, 8, 372-7. Jones, D. M. and Macken, W. J. (1993) ‘Irrelevant tones produce an irrelevant speech effect: implications for phonological coding in working memory', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19(2), 369-81. Jones, M. C. (1924) ‘The elimination of children's fears', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 7, 382-90. Kahneman, D. (1973) Attention and Effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Kamin, L. (1969) ‘Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning', in B. Campbell and R. Church (eds), Punishment and Aversive Behavior. New York : Appleton- Century-Crofts. Kan , W. K. and Aleksander, I. (1987) ‘A probabilistic logic neuron network for associative learning', in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Vol. II, San Diego , California , pp. 541-8. Kandel, H. J., Ayllon, T. and Roberts, M. D. (1976) ‘Rapid educational rehabilitation for prison inmates', Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14(5), 323-31. Kintsch, W. (1994) ‘The psychology of discourse processing', in M. A. Gernsbacher (ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics. San Diego , CA : Academic Press. Klein, B. and Wiener, M. (1966) ‘Awareness in the ‘‘learning without awareness'' paradigm', Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 1 (3), 145-52. Klin, C. M., Guzman, A. E. and Levine, W. H. (1999) ‘Prevalence and persistence of predictive inferences', Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 593-604. Koestler, A. (1964) The Act of Creation. London : Hutchinson . Koppenaal, L. and Glanzer, M. (1990) ‘An examination of the continuous distracter task and the ‘‘long-term recency effect'' ', Memory and Cognition, 18(2), 183-95. Kowler, E. and Blaser, E. (1995) ‘The accuracy and precision of saccades to small and large targets', Vision Research, 35, 1741-54. Kristofferson, M. W. (1972) ‘When item recognition and visual search functions are similar', Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 379-84. Krosnick, J. A., Betz, A. L., Jussim, L. J. and Lynn, A. R. (1992) ‘Subliminal conditioning of attitudes', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 152-62. Kuffler, S. (1984) From Neuron to Brain, 2nd edn. Cambridge , MA : Sinauer Associates. Labov, W. (1970) On the Adequacy of Natural Languages: The Development of Tense, Linguistic Agency University of Trier Paper No. 23, Series B. Labov, W. (1972) Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. Oxford : University of Pennsylvania Press. Lachter, J. and Bever, T. G. (1988) ‘The relation between linguistic structure and associative theories of language learning: a constructive critique of some connectionist learning models', Cognition, 28(1-2), 195-247. Lashley, K. S. (1950) ‘In search of the engram', Proceedings from Social Experimental Biology, 4, 454-82. Lazarus, R. S. (1982) ‘Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition', American Psychologist, 37(9), 1019-24. Lazarus, R. S. and McCleary, R. A. (1951) ‘Autonomic discrimination without awareness: a study of subception', Psychological Review, 58, 113-22. LeDoux, J. E. (1989) ‘Cognitive-emotional interactions in the brain', Cognition and Emotion, 3(4), 267-89. Lenneberg, G. H. (1967) Biological Foundations of Language. New York : Wiley. Lesgold, A., Rubinson, H., Feltovich, P., Glaser, R., Klopfer, D. and Wang, Y. (1988) ‘Expertise in a complex skill: diagnosing X-ray pictures', in M. Chi, R. Glaser and M. J. Farr (eds), The Nature of Expertise. Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum, pp. 311-42. Levey, A. B. and Martin, I. (1975) ‘Classical conditioning of human ‘‘evaluative'' responses', Behaviour Research and Therapy, 13, 221-6. Lewicki, P., Hill, T. and Czyzewska, M. (1992) ‘Nonconscious acquisition of information', American Psychologist, 47 (6), 796-801. Lewis, D. J. and Duncan, C. P. (1956) ‘The effect of partial reinforcement and length of acquisition-series upon resistance to extinction of a motor and a verbal response', American Journal of Psychology, 69, 644-6. Lieberman, D. A. (2000) Learning: Behavior and Cognition, 3rd edn. Belmont , CA : Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Light, L. L. and Carter-Sobell, L. (1970) ‘Effects of changed semantic context on recognition memory', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9(1), 1-11. Lloyd, G. G. and Lishman, W. A. (1975) ‘Effect of depression on the speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences', Psychological Medicine, 5, 173-80. Loftus, E. F. (1979) ‘The malleability of human memory', American Scientist, 67(3), 312-20. Loftus, E. F. (1993) ‘The reality of repressed memories', American Psychologist, 49, 518-37. Loftus, E. F. and Ketcham, K. (1994) The Myth of Repressed Memory. New York : St. Martin 's Press. Luo, C. R., Johnson, R. A. and Gallo, D. A. (1998) ‘Automatic activation of phonological information in reading: evidence from the semantic relatedness decision task', Memory and Cognition, 26(4), 833-43. Lyons, J. (1981) ‘Language and speech', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 295 (1077, Series B), 215-22. McClelland, J. L. (1986) ‘The programmable blackboard model of reading', in J. L. McClelland and D. E. Rumelhart (eds), Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, Vol. II. Cambridge , MA : MIT Press. McClelland, J. L. and Rumelhart, D. E. (1981) ‘An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings', Psychological Review, 88, 375-407. McClelland, J. L. and Rumelhart, D. E. (1986) Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, Vol. II. Cambridge , MA : McClelland, J. L., Rumelhart, D. E. and Hinton, G. E. (1988) ‘The appeal of parallel distributed processing', in A. M. Collins and E. E. Smith (eds), Readings in Cognitive Science: A Perspective from Psychology and Artificial Intelligence. San Mateo , CA : Morgan Kaufmann, pp. 52-72. McCutchen, D., Bell , L. C., France , I. M. and Perfetti, C. A. (1991) ‘Phoneme-specific interference in reading: the visual tongue-twister effect revisited', Reading Research Quarterly, 26, 87-103. McGurk, H. and MacDonald, J. (1976) ‘Hearing lips and seeing voices', Nature, 264, 746-8. MacKay, D. G. (1973) ‘Aspects of the theory of comprehension, memory and attention', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 22-40. McKoon, G. and Ratcliff, R. (1992) ‘Inference during reading', Psychological Review, 99, 440-66. McKoon, G. and Ratcliff, R. (1998) ‘Memory-based language processing: psycholinguistic research in the 1990s', Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 25-42. McLaughlin, B. (1984) Second-language Acquisition in Childhood, Vol. 1: Preschool Children, 2nd edn. Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. MacLeod, C. M. (1996) ‘How priming affects two speeded implicit tests of remembering: naming colors versus reading words', Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 5(1-2), 73-90. MacLeod, C. and Mathews, A. (1988) ‘Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 40(4-A), 653-70. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A. and Tata, (1986) ‘Attentional bias in emotional disorder', Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15-20. MacNichol, E. F., Jr (1986) ‘A unifying presentation of photopigment spectra', Vision Research, 29, 543-6. Martin, J. A. (1977) ‘Effects of positive and negative adult–child interactions on children's task performance and task preferences', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 23, 493-502. Martin, L. (1986) ‘ ‘‘Eskimo words for snow'': a case study in the genesis and decay of an anthropological example', American Anthropologist, 88, 418-23. Mathews, A. (1994) ‘Cognitive approaches to emotion and emotional disorders', Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 25-50. Mathews, A. and MacLeod, C. (1994) ‘Cognitive approaches to emotion and emotional disorders', Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 25-50. Matlin, M. W. (2002) Cognition, 5th edn. Fort Worth , TX : Harcourt. Medin, D. L., Ross, B. H. and Markman, A. B. (2001) Cognitive Psychology, 3rd edn. Orlando , FL : Harcourt. Miller, G. A. (1956) ‘The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information', reprinted in Psychological Review, 101(2), 343-52. Miller, G. A. and McNeill, D. (1969) Linguistics. The Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 3. Reading , MA : Addison-Wesley. Minsky, M. and Papert, S. (1969) Perceptrons. Oxford : MIT Press. Miyake, A., Carpenter, P. A. and Just, M. A. (1994) ‘A capacity approach to syntactic comprehension disorders: making normal adults perform like aphasic patients', Cognitive Neuropsychology, 11(6), 671-717. Miyawaki, K. et al. (1975) ‘An effect of linguistic experience: the discrimination of (r) and (l) by native speakers of Japanese and English', Perception and Psychophysics, 18(5), 331-40. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Williams, R. and Mathews, A. (1993) ‘Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression', Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 304-11. Moray, N. (1959) ‘Attention in dichotic listening: affective cues and the influence of instructions', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11, 56-60. Morris, R., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. and O'Keefe, J. (1982) ‘Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions', Nature, 297, 681-3. Mowrer, W. M. (1938) ‘Enuresis: a method for its study and treatment', American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 8, 436-59. Mozer, M. C. (1991) The Perception of Multiple Objects: A Connectionist Approach. Cambridge , MA : MIT Press. Mozer, M. C. (1987) ‘Early parallel processing in reading: a connectionist approach', in M. Coltheart (ed.), Attention and Performance, Vol. XII: The Psychology of Reading. Hove: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, pp. 83-104. Murdock, B. B. Jr (1962) ‘Direction of recall in short term memory', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1(2), 119-24. Murphy, S. T. and Zajonc, R. B. (1993) ‘Affect, cognition, and awareness: affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 723-39. Murray, D. J. (1967) ‘The role of speech responses in short-term memory', Canadian Journal of Psychology, 21(3), 263-76. Nairne, J. S. (1990) ‘A feature model of immediate memory', Memory and Cognition, 18, 251-69. Navon, D. and Gopher, D. (1979) ‘On the economy of the human processing system', Psychological Review, 86, 214-55. Neath, I. (1998) Human Memory: An Introduction to Research, Data, and Theory. Belmont , CA : Brooks/Cole Publishing. Neisser, U. (1964) ‘Visual search', Scientific American, 210(6), 941-02. Neisser, U. (1967) Cognitive Psychology. New York : Meredith. Neisser, U. and Harsch, N. (1992) ‘Phantom flashbulbs: false recollections of hearing the news about Challenger', in E. Winogrand and U. Neisser (eds), Affect and Accuracy in Recall: Studies of ‘Flashbulb' Memories. New York : Cambridge University Press, pp. 9-31. Newell, A. and Simon, H. A. (1972) Human Problem Solving. Oxford : Prentice Hall. Newport , E. L. (1994) ‘Maturational constraints on language learning', Cognitive Science, 14, 11-28. Norma, D. A. (1968) ‘Toward a theory of memory and attention', Psychological Review, 75, 522-36. Norman, D. A. and Bobrow, D. G. (1975) ‘On data limited and resource limited processes', Cognitive Psychology, 7, 44-64. Norman , D. A and Rumelhart, D. E. (1981) ‘The LNR approach to human information processing', Cognition, 10, 235-40. Norton, D. and Stark, L. W. (1971) ‘Scanpaths in saccadic eye movements while viewing and recognizing patterns', Vision Research, 11, 929-42. O'Brien, E. J. and Myers, J. L. (1999) ‘Text comprehension: a view from the bottom up', in S. Goldman et al. (eds), Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence: Essays in Honor of Tom Trabasso. Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum. O¨hman, A., Erixon, G. and Lofberg, I. (1975) ‘Phobias and preparedness: phobic versus neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli for human autonomic responses', Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1975, 84, 41-5. O'Leary, S. G. (1995) ‘Parental discipline mistakes', Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(1), 11-13. O'Neill, H. (2000) ‘How DNA became a perfect witness', Toronto Star, 21 September 2000; available online: http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/Toronto-DNA.html. Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J. and Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957) The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana , IL : University of Illinois Press. Owen, E. and Sweller, J. (1985) ‘What do students learn while solving mathematics problems?', Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(3), 272-84. Palmer, S. E. (1975) Structural Aspects of Perceptual Organization. Department of Psychology, University of California , San Diego . Parrot, W. G. and Schulkin, J. (1993) ‘Neuropsychology and the cognitive nature of the emotions', Cognition and Emotion, 7, 43-59. Patterson, K. and Kay, J. (1982) ‘Letter-by-letter reading: psychological descriptions of a neurological syndrome', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34A, 411-41. Patterson, K., Coltheart, M. and Marshall, J. C. (eds) (1985) Surface Dyslexia. Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum. Pavlov, I. P. (1927) Conditioned Reflexes. London : Oxford . Pearce J. M. (1987) An Introduction to Animal Cognition. Hove: Erlbaum. Perfetti, C. A. and Bell , L. (1991) ‘Phonemic activation during the first 40 ms of word identification: evidence from backward masking and masked priming', Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 473-85. Peters, R. and McGee, R. (1982) ‘Cigarette smoking and state-dependent memory', Psychopharmacology, 76(3), 232-5. Pezdek, W., Finger, K. and Hodge, D. (1997) ‘Planting false childhood memories: the role of event plausibility', Psychological Science, 8, 437-41. Phillips, E. L. (1968) ‘Achievement place: token reinforcement procedures in a homestyle rehabilitation setting for ‘‘pre-delinquent'' boys', Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(3), 213-23. Piaget, J. (1952) The Origins of Intelligence in Children, trans. Margaret Cook. New York : International Universities Press. Pinker, S. (1994) The Language Instinct. New York : William Morrow. Pinker, S. and Prince, A. (1988) ‘On language and connectionism: analysis of a parallel distributed model of language acquisition', Cognition, 28, 73-194. Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S. and Patterson, K. (1996) ‘Understanding normal and impaired word reading: computational principles in quasi-regular domains', Psychological Review, 103, 56-115. Pollatsek, A. and Rayner, K. (1990) ‘Eye movements and lexical access in reading', in D. A. Balota, G. B. Flores d'Arcais and K. Rayner (eds), Comprehension Processes in Reading . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Postman, L. and Phillips, L. W. (1965) ‘Short-term temporal changes in free recall', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17(2), 132-8. Pressley, M., Rankin, J. and Yokoi, L. (1996) ‘A survey of instructional practices of outstanding primary-level literacy teachers', Elementary School Journal, 96, 363-84. Ratner, N. B. and Gleason, J. B. (1993) ‘An introduction to psycholinguistics: what do language users know?', in J. B. Gleason and N. B. Ratner (eds), Psycholinguistics. Fort Worth , TX : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Raymond, M. J. (1964) ‘The treatment of addiction by aversion conditioning with apomorphine', Behavior Research and Therapy, 1, 287-91. Rayner, K. (1988) ‘Word recognition cues in children: the relative use of graphemic cues, orthographic cues, and grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules', Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 473-9. Rayner, K. (1998) ‘Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research', Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422. Reitman, W. R. (1965) Cognition and Thought: An Information Processing Approach. Oxford : Wiley. Rescorla, R. A. (1968) ‘Probability of shock in the presence and absence of CS in fear conditioning', Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 66(1), 1-5. Rescorla, R. A. and Wagner, A. R. (1972) ‘A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement', in A. H. Black and W. F. Prokasy (eds), Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts, pp. 64-99. Riddoch, J., Humphreys, G., Cleton, P. and Fery, P. (1990) ‘Interaction of attentional and lexical processes in neglect dyslexia', Cognitive Neuropsychology, 7, 369-89. Riesen, A. A. (1950) ‘Arrested vision', Scientific American, 186, 107-8. Riesen, A. H. and Kinder, E. F. (1952) Postural Development of Infant Chimpanzees: A Comparative and Normative Study Based on the Gesell Behavioral Examination. New Haven , CT : Yale University Press. Robinson, K. J. and Roediger, H. L. (1997) ‘Associative processes in false recall and false recognition', Psychological Science, 8, 231-7. Roediger, H. L. and McDermott, K. B. (1995) ‘Creating false memories: remembering words not presented in lists', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-14. Roediger, H. L. and Payne, D. G. (1983) ‘Superiority of free recall to cued recall with ‘‘strong'' cues', Psychological Research, 45(3), 275-86. Rozin, P., Wrzesniewski, A. and Byrnes, D. (1998) ‘The elusiveness of evaluative conditioning', Learning and Motivation, 29, 397-415. Rumelhart, D. E. and McClelland, J. L. (1985) ‘Levels indeed: a response to Broadbent', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114(2), 193-7. Rumelhart, D. E. and Norman, D. (1981) ‘Analogical processes in learning', in J. R. Anderson (ed.), Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition. Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum. Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E. and Williams, R. J. (1986) ‘Learning representations by back-propagating errors', Nature, 323, 533-6. Sachs, J., Bard, B. and Johnson, M. L. (1981) ‘Language learning with restricted input: case studies of two hearing children of deaf parents', Applied Psycholinguistics, 2(1), 33-54. Saffran, E. M., Bogyo, L. C., Schwartz, M. F. and Marin, O. S. M. (1980) ‘Does deep dyslexia reflect right-hemisphere reading?', in M. Coltheart, K. Patterson, and J. C. Marshall (eds), Deep Dyslexia. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 381-406. Salame´, P. and Baddeley, A. D. (1982) ‘Disruption of short-term memory by unattended speech: implications for the structure of working memory', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21(2), 150-64. Salapatek, P. (1975) ‘Pattern perception in early infancy', in L. Cohen and P. Salapatek (eds), Infant Perception: From Sensation to Cognition, Vol. 1. New York : Academic Press, pp. 133-249. Sandford, (1936) ‘The effects of abstinence from food on imaginal processes', Journal of Psychology, 2, 129-36. Saslow, M. G. (1967) ‘Saccade latency and warning signals: stimulus onset, offset and change as warning events', Journal of the Optical Society of America, 57, 102-49. Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1986) Ape Language: From Conditioned Response to Symbol. New York : Columbia University Press. Schiller, P. H., Logothetis, N. K. and Charles, E. R. (1990) ‘Functions of the coloropponent and broad-band channels of the visual system', Nature, 343, 68-72. Schneider, W. and Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) ‘Controlled and automatic human information processing: 1. Detection, search, and attention', Psychological Review, 84, 1-66. Schoenfeld, A. (1985) Mathematical Problem Solving. New York : Academic Press. Schoenfeld, A. H. and Herrmann, D. J. (1982) ‘Problem perception and knowledge structure in expert and novice mathematical problem solvers', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8(5), 484-94. Schwartz, A., Campos , J. and Baisel, E. (1973) ‘The visual cliff: cardiac and behavioural responses on the deep and shallow sides at five and nine months of age', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 15, 86-99. Schwartz, S. H. (1971) ‘Modes of representation and problem solving: well evolved is half solved', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 91, 347-50. Searle, J. R. (1979) Expressions and Meaning. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Searle, J. R. (1980) ‘Minds, brains, and programs', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 417-24. Searle, J. R. (1990) ‘Is the brain's mind a computer program?', Scientific American, 262(1), 26-37. Segall, M. H, Campbell, D. T. and Herskovits, M. J. (1966) The Influence of Culture on Visual Perception. Indianapolis , IN : Bobbs-Merrill. Seidenberg, M. (1995) ‘Visual word recognition: an overview', in P. Eimas and J. L. Miller (eds), Handbook of Perception and Cognition: Language. New York : Academic Press. Seidenberg, M. S. and McClelland, J. L. (1989) ‘A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming', Psychological Review, 96, 523-68. Sejnowski, T. J. and Rosenberg , C. R. (1987) ‘Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text', Complex Systems, 1, 145-68. Sekular, R. and Blake, R. (1985) Perception. New York : Knopf. Seligman, M. E. and Maeir, S. F. (1967) ‘Failure to escape traumatic shock', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(1), 1-9. Shaffer, D. R. (1993) Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence, 3rd edn. Pacific Grove , CA : Brooks/Cole. Shatz, M. and Gelman, R. (1973) The development of communication skills: modifications in the speech of young children as a function of listener, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development No. 38, 1-37. Shiffrin, R. M. and Schneider, W. (1977) ‘Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory', Psychological Review, 84, 127-90. Simon, H. A. (1988) ‘Creativity and motivation: a response to Csikszentmihalyi', New Ideas in Psychology, 6(2), 177-81. Simon, H. A. (1980) ‘Problem solving and education', in D. T. Tuma and F. Reif (eds), Problem Solving and Education: Issues in Teaching and Research. Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum, pp. 81-96. Simon, H. A. (1995) ‘Problem forming, problem finding, and problem solving in design', in A. Collen and W. W. Gasparski (eds), Design Systems: General Applications of Methodology, Vol. 3. New Brunswick , NJ : Transaction Publishers, pp. 245-57. Simon, H. A. and Chase, W. G. (1973) ‘Skill in chess', American Scientist, 61(4), 394-403. Singley, M. K. and Anderson, J. R. (1989) Transfer of Cognitive Skill. Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press. Skinner, B. F. (1957) Verbal Behavior. East Norwalk , CT : Appleton-Century-Crofts. Skinner, B. F. (1969) Contingencies of Reinforcement. New York : Appleton -Century- Crofts. Smith, G. H. and Engel, R. (1968) ‘Influence of a female model on perceived characteristics of an automobile', Proceedings of the 7 th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 3, 681-2. Smith, S. M. and Blankenship, S. E. (1991) ‘Incubation and the persistence of fixation in problem solving', American Journal of Psychology, 104(1), 61-87. Smith, S. M., Glenberg, A. and Bjork, R. A. (1978) ‘Environmental context and human memory', Memory and Cognition, 6(4), 342-53. Speisman, J. C., Lazarus, R. S., Davison, L. and Mordkoff, A. M. (1964) ‘Experimental analysis of a film used as a threatening stimulus', Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28(1), 23-33. Spelke, E., Hirst, W. and Neisser, U. (1976) ‘Skills of divided attention', Cognition, 4, 215-30. Spence, K. W. (1969) Behavior and Conditioning. Oxford : Yale University Press. Stroop, J. R. (1935) ‘Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-62. Sweller, J. and Chandler , P. (1994) ‘Why some material is difficult to learn', Cognition and Instruction, 12(3), 185-233. Teasdale, J. D. and Fogarty, S. J. (1979) ‘Differential effects of induced mood on retrieval of pleasant and unpleasant events from episodic memory', Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88(3), 248-57. Thompson, C. P., Skowronski, J.J. and Lee, J. (1988) ‘Telescoping in dating naturally occurring events', Memory and Cognition, 16(5), 461-8. Thorndike, E. L. (1911) Animal Intelligence. Experimental Studies. Oxford : Macmillan. Tolman, E. C. (1936) ‘Operational behaviorism and current trends in psychology', reprinted in E. C. Tolman (ed.) (1966), Behavior and Psychological Man: Essays in Motivation and Learning. Berkeley , CA : University of California Press. Torrance, E. P and Witt, G. (1966) ‘Experimental grouping on the basis of creative abilities and motivations', Gifted Child Quarterly, 10(1), 9-14. Trabasso, T. T. and Bower, G. H. (1968) Attention in Learning: Theory and Research. New York : Wiley & Sons. Treisman, A. M. (1960) ‘Verbal cues in selective listening', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 242-8. Treisman, A. (1964) ‘Verbal cues, language and meaning in attention', American Journal of Psychology, 77, 206-14. Treisman, A. M. and Geffen, G. (1967) ‘Selective attention: perception or response?', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 19, 1-18. Treisman, A. M. and Riley, J. G. A. (1969) ‘Is selective attention selective perception or selective response: a further test', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 79, 27-43. Tulving, E. (1986) ‘What kind of a hypothesis is the distinction between episodic and semantic memory?', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(2), 307-11. Tulving, E. and Thomson, D. M. (1973) ‘Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory', Psychological Review, 80(5), 359-80. Tulving, E., Mandler, G. and Baumal, R. (1964) ‘Interaction of two sources of information in tachistoscopic word', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1, 321-34. Turing, A. M. (1950) ‘Computing machinery and intelligence', Mind, 59, 433-60. Turkkan, J. S. (1989) ‘Classical conditioning: the new hegemony', Brain and Behaviour Sciences, 12, 121-79. Ullman, S. (1989) ‘Aligning pictorial descriptions: an approach to object recognition', Cognition, 32, 193-254. Underwood, B. J. (1977) Temporal Codes for Memories: Issues and Problems. Oxford : Lawrence Erlbaum. van den Broek, P. (1994) ‘Comprehension and memory of narrative texts', in M. A. Gernsbacher (ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics. San Diego , CA : Academic Press. Von Senden, M. (1932) Form- und Gestaltauffassung bei operierten Blindgeborenen vor und nach der Operation (Shape and gestalt comprehension in operated on congenitally blind people before and after the surgery). Leipzig . Von Wright, J. M., Anderson, K. and Stenman, U. (1975) ‘Generalisation of conditioned GSR's in dichotic listening', in P. M. A. Rabbitt and S. Dornic (eds), Attention and Performance, V. London : Academic Press. Wallas, G . (1926) The Art of Thought. London : Cape . Ward, G. and Allport, A. (1997) ‘Planning and problem-solving using five-disc tower of London task', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 50A(1), 49-78. Ward, T. B. (1994) ‘Structured imagination: the role of category structure in exemplar generation', Cognitive Psychology, 27, 1-40. Ward, T. B., Smith, S. M. and Finke, R. A. (1999) ‘Creative cognition', in R. J. Sternberg (ed.), Handbook of Creativity. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Warrington , E. K. and Shallice, T. (1980) ‘Word-from dyslexia', Brain, 103, 99-112. Waters, G. S., Rochon, E. and Caplan, D. (1992) ‘The role of high-level speech planning in rehearsal: evidence from patients with apraxia of speech', Journal of Memory and Language, 31(1), 54-73. Watkins, M. J. (1972) ‘Locus of the modality effect in free recall', Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(5), 644-8. Watkins, M. J. and Watkins, O. C. (1973) ‘The postcategorical status of the modality effect in serial recall', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99(2), 226-30. Waugh, N. C. and Norman, D. A. (1965) ‘Primary memory', Psychological Review, 72(2), 89-104. Weaver, C. A. (1993) ‘Do you need a ‘‘flash'' to form a flashbulb memory?', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122(1), 39-46. Weber, R. J. and Dixon , S. (1989) ‘Invention and gain analysis', Cognitive Psychology, 21(3), 283-302. Weisberg, R. (1986) Creativity: Genius and Other Myths. New York : W. H. Freeman. White, A. G. and Bailey, J. S. (1990) ‘Reducing disruptive behaviors of elementary physical education students with Sit and Watch', Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23(3), 353-9. Whorf, B. L. (1956) Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings. Cambridge , MA : Technology Press of MIT. Wickens, C. D. (1987) ‘Attention', in P. A. Hancock (ed.), Human Factors Psychology. Amsterdam : North Holland . Widrow, B. (1962) ‘Generalization and storage in networks of ADALINE neurons', in G. T. Yovits (ed.), Self-Organizing Systems. New York : Spartan Books, pp. 435-61. Wierson, M. and Forehand, R. (1994) ‘Parent behavioral training for child noncompliance: rationale, concepts, and effectiveness', Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3(5), 146-50. Wiesel, T. (1982) ‘Postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influences of environment', Nature, 299, 583-91. Wolf, M., Braukmann, C. and Ramp, K. (1987) ‘Serious delinquent behavior as part of a significantly handicapping condition. Cures and supportive environment', Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 347-59. Wolpe, J. (1958) Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition. Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press. Wydell, T. N., Patterson, K. E. and Humphreys, G. W. (1993) ‘Phonologically mediated access to meaning for Kanji: is a rows still a rose in Japanese Kanji?', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 491-54. Zajonc, R. B. (1980) ‘Feeling and thinking: preferences need no inferences', American Psychologist, 35, 151-75. Zajonc, R. B. (1984) ‘On the primacy of affect', American Psychologist, 39(2), 117-23. Zeki, S. M. (1992) ‘The functional organization of projections from striate to prestriate visual cortex in the rhesus monkey', Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 15, 591-600. Zimmer-Hart, C. L. and Rescorla, R. A. (1974) ‘Extinction of a Pavlovian conditioned inhibitor', Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 837-45. |
||
This book was first published in 2003 by Crucial, a division of Learning Matters Ltd [ISBN 1 903337 13 5] © 2003 Eamon Fulcher; © 2009 GEFT Consultance Services (geft.co.uk). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from Geft Consultancy Services, who may be contacted via www.geft.co.uk.
|
|||